01 - Place all vegetable scraps, optional potato, and fresh vegetables into a large stockpot.
02 - Add bay leaves, parsley, thyme, peppercorns, smashed garlic, salt, and optional apple cider vinegar or lemon juice.
03 - Pour in 10 cups of cold water and stir gently to combine.
04 - Bring the mixture to a boil over high heat.
05 - Reduce heat to maintain a gentle simmer and skim off any foam during the first 10 minutes.
06 - Simmer uncovered for 1 hour, stirring occasionally.
07 - Remove from heat and allow to cool slightly.
08 - Strain the liquid through a fine-mesh sieve or cheesecloth into a large bowl, discarding solids.
09 - Taste the broth and adjust salt or acidity as needed.
10 - Use immediately or refrigerate up to 5 days, or freeze for up to 3 months.